Richard
Wilcocks writes:
A lot more
people, in Leeds anyway, now know about Orwell’s brief residence in Headingley,
and have hopefully read The Road to Wigan Pier to add to their knowledge
of his other works. People were invited to walk from where he stayed in 1936 to
Headingley’s main community centre on Saturday, 5 March 2022.
The walkers all
arrived on time outside 21 Estcourt Avenue. They stood on the pavement, but
also between parked cars, several dozen or so people, a dog and a baby in a
buggy. At one thirty actor Jem Dobbs took up his position outside the front
door, which had recently closed behind one of the student residents who had
been showing him around the house where he had lived for his first nineteen
years.
He spoke for
ten minutes about his mother, who still lives nearby and who is one hundred and
one, his father and his childhood, which was rather more free range than those
of today. “I spent most of my life outside the house,” he told us. “Maybe if it
was like that in 2021 my parents would be accused of neglect and I would be
taken into care,” he joked.
“I was always
in the road at the back with a football, with friends, in the woods at Beckett
Park or climbing over the wall to get into the rugby ground. Once or twice the
police brought me home. I was a pupil at Bennett Road Primary School, which is
now the HEART Centre, where I got the cane plenty of times. I was a juvenile
delinquent!”
Les Hurst
spoke next, very briefly, about how George Orwell had stayed in the house, at
the time occupied by his sister Marjorie and her husband Humphrey Dakin. He had
worked on his notes for The Road to Wigan Pier, possibly on the top
floor, and had been taken on trips to the Brontë Parsonage Museum in Haworth
and to nearby Kirkstall Abbey.
There were a
few contributions from the crowd, the most memorable one being from Ray Brown,
who had rented a room in Harrogate in the sixties. The landlord, Humphrey
Dakin, was severely war-wounded and had a glass eye. This sometimes fell out
when he produced tears. He was remembered crawling about on a front room carpet
searching for it. The walk took ten minutes, and at two o’clock everybody was
sitting in the Shire Oak Hall of the HEART Centre, joining those already there.
It was full.
Les Hurst from
the Orwell Society is an excellent lecturer. Without using more than a basic
crib sheet which was distributed to the audience, he took us through the
chapters of Part One of The Road to Wigan Pier. Here is some of what was
on it:
1. Lodging houses and the lives of men
without families
2. Miners at work (the other chapters are
all outside work)
3. The miner at home
4. Housing conditions (Slums, Caravans,
Council estates)
5. Unemployment
6. Nutrition
7. Industrial panorama
We heard
about how Orwell’s progress on his investigative journey, which began after a lift to Coventry as a starting
point, had been partly planned and partly left to chance, because he often
worked on last-minute information supplied by friends of friends, and about how
publisher Victor Gollancz had originally wanted the book he had commissioned to
consist solely of the first, descriptive half, without the substantial second
half. This consists largely of Orwell’s personal musings on the nature of
socialism and on why people living miserable lives who could benefit from a
socialist system did not actually vote for one. He explores class prejudices,
including his own (he was an old Etonian), remarks on the dullness of the
utopias envisaged by the likes of H. G. Wells, expresses his mistrust of
mechanisation and asserts that ‘crankiness’ amongst left-wing activists puts
off many would-be supporters. The Communist Party, very influential in 1937, especially its
General Secretary Harry Pollitt, objected strongly to this second half, but
Orwell insisted that it stay. Gollancz tried to mollify objectors by writing a special introduction.
“One sometimes gets the impression
that the mere words ‘Socialism’ and ‘Communism’ draw towards them with magnetic
force every fruit-juice drinker, nudist, sandal-wearer, sex-maniac, Quaker,
‘Nature Cure’ quack, pacifist, and feminist in England.”
Judging from
questions and from comments later, the great majority of the book was
appreciated as a valuable insight into class divisions, the contrast in wealth
and living conditions between the north and the south and the grinding poverty experienced by so many
people in the years of the Depression, and not only then but today in the
foodbanks era. Parallels were drawn.
On the topic
of working class nutrition, for example, Orwell writes:
“…the peculiar evil is this, that the
less money you have, the less inclined you feel to spend it on wholesome food.
A millionaire may enjoy breakfasting off orange juice and Ryvita biscuits; an
unemployed man doesn't… When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are
underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome
food. You want something a little bit 'tasty'. There is always some cheaply
pleasant thing to tempt you.”
There seemed
to be general agreement for this truth, judging from comments and nods from the
audience. Other topics of interest included the continuing dominance of the
public schools and Orwell’s fears about the advance of Fascism, which he went
to Spain to fight in 1936. Time did not allow for more than a mention of the modern resonances here.
The session
was long but very well-sustained. It made quite an impression. A number of people
have been in contact with me over the past days, like the woman whose
grandfather was a miner from Barnsley: “After
listening to Les Hurst and reading about miners in that book, I really understood what it was like for
him.”
